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Jewish Family Names in Italy
*

Adolfo Kuznitzky

Summarized and Translated from Spanish to
Hebrew by Joseph Covo

Translated from the Hebrew

In Issue 16 (March
2002) of Toldot, the publication of the Jewish Genealogical Society
of Argentina an interesting article appeared on Jewish family names in Italy
by Adolfo Kuznitzky. The author based his paper on the research conducted by
a number of scholars on the topic including Pedro Dineri, Cologni, Hazan, C.
Roth, Schaerf and others. In the first part of his article, Dr. Kuznitzky
focuses on a number of the basic rules of onomastics, the study of names. He
states that there are two methods used to determine names: the nominal for
the first name and the cognominal that also includes the family name. At the
same time, while the first method is always subject to change and gives
people the widest range in choosing a first name, the second method which
includes the family name is fixed and set and also has overtones of being
imposed. This method points out particular details connected with the bearer
of the name, e.g. places, occupations and the like. This phenomenon is much
more widespread among Jews. Sixty percent of Jewish family names in Italy
indicate a place of origin or residence, while this holds true for only 37%
of Italian family names of the general population. It is not coincidental
that four of the family names of Italian Jews who were awarded the Nobel
Prize reflect the cognominal method: Levi, Montalcini, Fermi and Segre.

In the author’s
opinion toponyms (a name derived from a place or region) are good
indications of the place of origin of Italian Jews. On the other hand, names
ending with “audi” (Granbaudi), “esio” (Milanesio), “ero” (Barbero) and
“asco” (Bagnasco) typical names of the Piedmont region are not Jewish. In
many cases, Jews tried to hide their origin. They did this by rearranging
the order of the letters – thus, Levi became Viel, Eliav became Veali and so
on.

Dr. Kuznitzky
differentiates between Jews who “lived in Italy forever” and those Jews who
arrived because of persecutions or expulsions, such as Jews from Spain. As
examples, he gives the names Useglio (an original Italian Jew), Foa (of
French origin), Otolenghi (of German origin) and Zamorani (of Spanish
origin). Among Italian names that point to a Jewish ancestor, are many that
show that the bearer wished to emphasize his Christian identity – among
these are De Benedetti (blessed), Battezato and Aguado (one who has been
baptized), Sabatini and Sabatello (derived from Shabbat) and Del Monte (from
the mountain, as the majority of Rome’s Jews lived on Mt. San Lorenzo). The
author also calls attention to the name Arias, which in his opinion is
derived from the word “parias,” the term used in Portugal for Jews who
remained in that country.

In the second section
of the article, Dr. Kuznitzky presents a list of Jewish family names and
divides them according the following criteria:

1. Family names of
Spanish origin: Agranati, Alamanzi, Aragona, Duran, Girondi, Porto and Segre.

2. Family names of
French origin: Bedarida (Bedarides), Carcassona (Carcassone), Cavaglione (Cavaglion),
Foa (Foix), Momigliano (Montmelian).

3. Family names of
German origin: Allpron (Heilbrun), Diena (Jena), Luzzatti (Lausitz),
Morpurgo (Marburg), Minzi (Mainz), Otolenghi (Ettingen) and Treves (Triers).

4. Ethnic family
names: from France – Gallico and Zarfatti; from Germany – Grego, Polacco and
Tedeschi.

5. Toponyms –
deriving from North or Central Italy: Ascoli, Bassano, Camenino, Cividale,
Fano, Foligno, Milani, Modigliani, Montefiore, Orvietto, Padovano/i, Pavia,
Peruggia, Pugliese, Recanatti, Rietti, Romano, Sonnino, Vercelli and Viterbo.
Regarding the name Finzi, the author indicates that it is one of the most
prestigious and widespread names. There are three possible origins of the
name: from the Italian city Faenza, from the name Pinhas or from the city
Pilsen.

6. Family names with
a Hebrew origin: Angeli (Malachi), Bemporad (Ben Porath), Benedicto (Barukh),
Bolaffio (Abulafia), Bonaventura (Mazal Tov), Cesare (Hezekiah), Colombo
(Jonah), Consolo (Nahman), Del Vecchio (old), Ferro (Barzilai), Forti
(strong), Grassini (Gershon), Guiglielmo (Benjamin), Leone (Judah), Marco
(Mordecai), Mestre (Rabbi), Pacifici (Solomon), Sacredote (Kohen),
Tranquillo (Manoah) and Vivante (Hayim).

In a number of places, the author reminds us that the determination of the
origin of the family names mentioned in his article must be done with the
utmost caution since they are not exclusively Jewish names and represent
only a partial indication regarding the possible Jewish origin of the bearer
of that name.

*
Based on the article that appeared in Toldot, the jou al of the
Jewish Genealogical Society of Argentina, Number 16, March 2002.

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Yehuda Ribco. Todos
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